Applied System Concepts
Implementation concepts that matter across products, stacks, and customer environments.
Workflow Automation
Using software to complete or coordinate recurring business steps with less manual effort. Good automation preserves visibility, handles exceptions, and gives humans control where judgment or risk is involved.
REST APIs / API Integration
REST APIs expose resources over HTTP using common methods such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE. API integration is the work of connecting systems through those interfaces, including authentication, data mapping, retries, rate limits, error handling, and monitoring.
Tool Calling
An LLM pattern where the model selects and calls defined functions or tools, such as searching records, creating a ticket, querying an API, or updating a workflow item.
Function Calling
A structured form of tool calling where the model returns a function name and typed arguments for application code to execute. It is useful when an AI response needs to trigger deterministic software behavior.
Structured Output
An LLM response constrained to a predictable schema, usually JSON. Useful when the output needs to feed software instead of just being read as text.
Human-In-The-Loop Review
A design pattern where AI suggestions are reviewed, approved, edited, or rejected by a person before they affect important records, customers, money, compliance, or production systems.
Observability
The ability to understand what a system is doing from telemetry such as logs, metrics, traces, events, and model or workflow outputs. In FDE work, observability helps diagnose customer issues and prove whether a deployment is behaving as expected.
Governance
The policies, roles, permissions, controls, review paths, and audit practices that determine how a system can be used safely and responsibly.
Idempotency
The property that running the same operation more than once has the same effect as running it once. Important for retries, payments, API integrations, and workflow automation.
Webhook
An HTTP callback sent by one system to notify another system that something happened, such as a ticket update, payment event, or customer status change.